GMAT Focus Edition — Data Insights: Table Analysis · Graphics Interpretation · Multi-Source Reasoning · Two-Part Analysis
Home Course Data Insights Lesson 4
Data Insights Lesson 4 of 20

Data Insights:
Two-Part Analysis Mastery

Identify the constraint. Pick a Column 1 value. Solve for Column 2. Check if that value exists. If not, try the next Column 1. There is always exactly one valid pair.

55 mins
🎯 DI 80 to 92
📚 Prereq: Lessons 1–3
Note: TPA requires finding two values that together satisfy a condition. Anchor on Column 1, solve for Column 2, check if it's in the table. Iterate if needed.
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What Is Two-Part Analysis?

Two-Part Analysis (TPA) presents a problem and a two-column table with 5 rows of options. You select one answer for each column such that both selections together satisfy a given condition. This is the most algebraically demanding DI question type.

Sample TPA Format
Two friends split a $120 dinner bill. Person A pays a multiple of $10. The total must be exactly $120. Select values for Person A and Person B.
OptionPerson A ($)Person B ($)
Row 1○ 40○ 40
Row 2○ 50○ 50
Row 3 ✓● 60● 60
Row 4○ 70○ 70
Row 5○ 80○ 80
You select one value from Column 1 AND one from Column 2 (can be from different rows)
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TPA Question Categories

Quantitative / Math

Two numbers that together satisfy an equation or inequality. E.g., two values whose sum = 100, or whose product = given target.

Logical / Verbal

Two statements that together support a conclusion, or two facts that together explain an observed phenomenon.

Role-based

Identify one item that "strengthens" and one that "weakens" — or one cause and one effect — from the same set of options.

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The Constraint-First Strategy

4-Step TPA Process
Identify the constraint. What condition must both selections satisfy together?
Anchor on Column 1. Pick a plausible Column 1 value and solve for Column 2 algebraically.
Check if Column 2 answer exists. Is your calculated Column 2 value in the table? If yes, you're done.
If not, try next Column 1 row. Iterate until you find a valid pair.
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Elimination Tactics

Quick Elimination Checks
Range check: If the sum must be between 50 and 100, immediately eliminate any Column 1 value ≥ 100 or Column 2 value ≥ 100.
Parity check: If the total must be even and Column 1 is odd, Column 2 must also be odd.
Logical filter: For verbal TPA, eliminate options that are logically irrelevant to the conclusion before testing combinations.
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10 Two-Part Analysis Traps

⚠ Selections need NOT be from the same row

You can select Column 1 from Row 2 and Column 2 from Row 4. Rows don't constrain your choices.

⚠ Only one valid pair exists

TPA questions are designed to have exactly one correct Column 1 + Column 2 combination. Keep trying if the first doesn't work.

⚠ Read the constraint precisely

"Sum equals 100" vs. "sum is at least 100" are different. One wrong word changes the algebra entirely.

⚠ Verbal TPA: both parts must work together

In logical TPA, you need to find selections that TOGETHER satisfy the condition. One alone is insufficient.

⚠ "Strengthen + Weaken" TPA: don't mix up columns

Column 1 might ask for the strengthener and Column 2 for the weakener. Swapping them scores zero.

⚠ Column options can repeat across rows

The same numerical value might appear in multiple rows. Carefully read which row you're selecting from.

⚠ Math TPA: don't assume integer answers

The correct Column 2 value might be a fraction or decimal that's listed — check all 5 rows carefully.

⚠ Process of elimination needs structure

Testing all 5×5 = 25 combinations is too slow. Always start with the most constrained variable (Column 1).

⚠ The question stem may have hidden constraints

Re-read the problem statement. Additional conditions (positive only, integer only, etc.) often hide in the stem.

⚠ Misidentifying the "two parts"

Some TPA prompts ask: "Select the value of X and the value of Y." Confusing X and Y gives a wrong answer even if you solved correctly.

10 Practice Questions

Q1 of 10
TPA~650

Two numbers x and y satisfy: x + y = 80, and x must be twice y. The options are: 10, 20, 30, 40, 53⅓.

Select the value of x and the value of y.

Explanation: x = 53⅓, y = 26⅔. x = 2y and x+y = 80 → 2y+y = 80 → 3y = 80 → y = 26⅔. x = 2 × 26⅔ = 53⅓. These values satisfy both constraints.
Q2 of 10
TPA~700

A store sells pens for $3 and notebooks for $5. A customer buys a total of 10 items and spends exactly $38. Column 1: number of pens. Column 2: number of notebooks. Options: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

Explanation: Pens=6, Notebooks=4. Let p = pens, n = notebooks. p+n=10 and 3p+5n=38. From first: n=10-p. Substituting: 3p+5(10-p)=38 → 3p+50-5p=38 → -2p=-12 → p=6, n=4. Verify: 6+4=10 ✓, 3(6)+5(4)=18+20=38 ✓.
Q3 of 10
TPA~750

In a TPA question, two factors that together explain why a company's revenue declined despite increasing unit sales must be selected. Column 1 (demand factor) and Column 2 (price factor). Which pair best explains the paradox?

Explanation: Volume increased; Price decreased more than volume offset. Revenue = Price × Volume. If volume goes up but price drops proportionally more, revenue falls. This is the only combination that explains: more units sold yet total revenue declined.
Q4 of 10
TPA~700

A project must take between 10 and 15 weeks total. Phase 1 takes x weeks. Phase 2 takes y weeks. Options for each: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Select x (Phase 1) and y (Phase 2) such that 10 ≤ x+y ≤ 15 AND x > y.

Explanation: x=8, y=4. Need 10 ≤ x+y ≤ 15 AND x>y. Check x=8, y=4: sum=12 ✓ (between 10-15), x>y (8>4) ✓. Also x=6, y=4 works: sum=10 ✓, 6>4 ✓. Both valid — but (B) x=6,y=4 also qualifies. On the actual GMAT, only one pair appears in both columns simultaneously.
Q5 of 10
TPA~700

A TPA problem asks you to select "one statement that supports the argument" and "one statement that undermines the argument." The argument is: "Online courses are more effective than in-person courses." Options include:
A: Online learners retain 25-60% more material
B: In-person students score higher on standardized tests
C: Online courses cost 40% less
D: Students prefer in-person interaction
E: Online completion rates are 45% lower

Select the support and the undermine statements.

Explanation: Support=A, Undermine=E. (A) "Online learners retain 25-60% more material" directly supports the effectiveness claim. (E) "Online completion rates are 45% lower" undermines effectiveness — if students don't finish, the course isn't effective. (C) addresses cost, not effectiveness. (B) and (D) also undermine but are weaker than (E).
Q6 of 10
TPA~750

A car rental company charges $x/day plus $y/mile. A customer drove 100 miles over 3 days and paid $170. Another customer drove 200 miles over 2 days and paid $180. Options: x = 20, 25, 30, 35, 40. y = 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50.

Select the correct daily rate and per-mile rate.

Explanation: x=35, y=0.50. System: 3x+100y=170 and 2x+200y=180. From equation 1: y=(170-3x)/100. Substitute in eq 2: 2x+200(170-3x)/100=180 → 2x+2(170-3x)=180 → 2x+340-6x=180 → -4x=-160 → x=40. Then y=(170-120)/100=0.50. x=40, y=0.50. That matches option (B). (B) x=40, y=0.50.
Q7 of 10
TPA~550

Which of the following correctly describes the Two-Part Analysis answer format?

Explanation: Select one answer for Column 1 from any row, and independently one for Column 2 from any row. The two selections are independent — they need not come from the same row. Your constraint is that both selected values must together satisfy the stated condition.
Q8 of 10
TPA~700

A TPA problem: "Select a value for the rate of Plan A and a value for the rate of Plan B such that Plan A's total cost for 12 units equals Plan B's total cost for 8 units." Options (both columns): $4, $5, $6, $7, $8. Which pair satisfies the condition?

Explanation: Plan A=$4, Plan B=$6. Need 12×A = 8×B → B = 12A/8 = 1.5A. If A=4: B=6 ✓. Check: 12×4=48 and 8×6=48 ✓. The pair (4, 6) works.
Q9 of 10
TPA~650

In a verbal TPA, you must select "the correct assumption" and "the correct conclusion" from a set of statements about an experiment. The key difference between an assumption and a conclusion is:

Explanation: Assumptions are unstated premises; conclusions are what the argument proves. An assumption is a gap the argument depends on — it's not stated but must be true for the argument to work. A conclusion is what the argument is trying to establish based on the evidence provided.
Q10 of 10
TPA~750

A manufacturer produces Product X costing $c per unit and Product Y costing $d per unit. An order of 5X and 8Y costs $94. An order of 3X and 4Y costs $50. Select values of c and d. Options: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

Explanation: c=4, d=8. Wait — let's solve. 5c+8d=94 and 3c+4d=50. Multiply second by 2: 6c+8d=100. Subtract first: c=6. Then 3(6)+4d=50 → 4d=32 → d=8. So c=6, d=8. (B) c=6, d=8 is correct.
Lesson Summary
Rows don't constrain your selection

Column 1 and Column 2 picks are fully independent. You can take from any row.

Anchor on Column 1, solve for Column 2

Treat Column 1 as the input. For each possible input, compute what Column 2 must be and check if it's listed.

One valid pair, always

Keep iterating. There is exactly one combination that satisfies the constraint.

Verbal TPA: both parts must function together

In logical TPA, the pair must jointly satisfy the condition — not each one individually.