GMAT Focus Edition — Data Insights: Table Analysis · Graphics Interpretation · Multi-Source Reasoning · Two-Part Analysis
Home Course Data Insights Lesson 1
Data Insights Lesson 1 of 20

Data Insights:
Table Analysis Mastery

Sort the relevant column. Identify qualifying rows. Verify the True/False statement against the data. Never compute — estimate and confirm.

50 mins
🎯 DI 75 to 88
📚 Prereq: None
Note: Table Analysis is the most common DI question type. Master the 4-step process: read → sort → locate → verify.
1

What Is Table Analysis?

Table Analysis (TA) presents a sortable data table. You answer True/False or Yes/No questions by sorting and reading specific columns. The key skill: know which column to sort, and what relationship to look for before you click.

Sample Table — Top 6 Countries by GDP Growth (2023)
CountryGDP Growth %Inflation %Trade Balance ($B)
India8.25.1-274
Vietnam7.13.3+12
Philippines6.46.0-45
Saudi Arabia6.02.7+86
Indonesia5.33.7+8
Poland5.18.2-22
↕ In actual GMAT, you can sort by any column header
2

Sorting & Filtering Strategy

The 4-Step TA Process
Read Statement
Identify what column(s) matter
Sort Column
Sort the relevant column (asc or desc)
Locate Rows
Find the rows that meet conditions
Verify
Check the answer against the statement

Key insight: Sort by the column mentioned in the question FIRST. Then scan the top (or bottom) rows depending on whether you need maximum or minimum values.

3

Column Logic Patterns

Statement TypeWhat to SortWhat to Look For
Highest/LowestTarget column DESC/ASCTop or bottom row
Comparison (A vs B)Either columnRow where both conditions meet
Count/How manyFilter columnCount rows above/below threshold
Both conditions (AND)Primary filter firstSubset satisfying BOTH
Ratio or percentCompute derived column mentallyMental math on visible values
4

Answer Strategy for True/False

Mark TRUE when...
  • ✓ Data directly confirms the statement
  • ✓ After sorting, the relevant rows clearly satisfy the condition
  • ✓ The number or value matches exactly or clearly exceeds/falls below
Mark FALSE when...
  • ✗ Data directly contradicts the statement
  • ✗ The statement says "all" but even one row fails
  • ✗ The direction of comparison is reversed
Cannot Determine (rare)

Only select this if the table genuinely lacks the data needed. This is rare — most TA questions have a clear True or False answer in the data.

5

10 Table Analysis Traps

⚠ Sorting the wrong column

Read the statement carefully. Sort the column that DETERMINES the answer, not the one mentioned first.

⚠ "All" statements fail if even one row violates

A statement like "all countries with growth above 6% have positive trade balances" fails if even one doesn't.

⚠ Ignoring the unit or sign

A trade balance of -274 and +86 are very different. Always check the sign of numeric values.

⚠ Confusing ranking with absolute value

The highest growth rate doesn't mean the largest GDP. Rank in one column says nothing about another.

⚠ Computing derived ratios incorrectly

If you need growth/inflation ratios, do rough mental math: 8.2/5.1 ≈ 1.6. Don't compute exactly.

⚠ "More than" vs "at least"

More than 5 means >5 (excludes 5). At least 5 means ≥5 (includes 5). These change which rows qualify.

⚠ Misreading column direction after sort

After sorting ascending, the SMALLEST is at the top. After descending, the LARGEST is at top.

⚠ Cross-column AND conditions

When a question has two conditions (e.g., high growth AND low inflation), filter for both — don't stop at one.

⚠ Negative numbers: sorting surprises

-274 sorts BELOW -22 in ascending order. Confirm the sort direction before reading.

⚠ Spending too long computing

TA is a reasoning test, not arithmetic. Use estimates (≈) and ballpark math to stay in time.

10 Practice Questions

Q1 of 10
TA~550

Using the table above (India: GDP 8.2%, Inflation 5.1%, Trade -274B; Vietnam: 7.1%, 3.3%, +12B; Philippines: 6.4%, 6.0%, -45B; Saudi Arabia: 6.0%, 2.7%, +86B; Indonesia: 5.3%, 3.7%, +8B; Poland: 5.1%, 8.2%, -22B).

Statement: The country with the highest GDP growth rate has a negative trade balance.

Explanation: True. The country with the highest GDP growth is India (8.2%). India's trade balance is -274B (negative). The statement is True.
Q2 of 10
TA~600

Using the same table.

Statement: More than half of the countries listed have a positive trade balance.

Explanation: True. Countries with positive trade balance: Vietnam (+12B), Saudi Arabia (+86B), Indonesia (+8B) = 3 countries out of 6 = exactly 50%. More than half means >3 — we have exactly 3, which is NOT more than half. Actually this is False. 3/6 = 50%, not more than half.
Q3 of 10
TA~650

Using the same table.

Statement: The country with the lowest inflation rate also has the highest positive trade balance.

Explanation: True. Sort by inflation ascending: Saudi Arabia has lowest inflation (2.7%). Saudi Arabia also has trade balance +86B, the highest positive balance among all countries. Statement is True.
Q4 of 10
TA~650

Using the same table.

Statement: All countries with inflation above 5% have negative trade balances.

Explanation: True. Countries with inflation > 5%: India (5.1%, trade -274B ✓), Philippines (6.0%, trade -45B ✓), Poland (8.2%, trade -22B ✓). All three have negative trade balances. True.
Q5 of 10
TA~600

A table shows 8 companies with columns: Revenue ($M), Employees, Revenue per Employee ($K). Statement: The company with the second-highest revenue also has the second-highest revenue per employee.

Explanation: Cannot be determined. Revenue per employee depends on both revenue AND employee count. A company with high revenue but even more employees will have lower revenue per employee. We need to sort the actual revenue-per-employee column to check.
Q6 of 10
TA~550

A product sales table shows 10 products with columns: Product, Units Sold, Price ($), Revenue ($). A student wants to find which product generated the most revenue. Which column should be sorted first?

Explanation: Revenue (descending). To find the highest revenue, sort the Revenue column in descending order. The top row gives the answer directly. Sorting by Units Sold or Price alone is misleading — a cheap product sold in large volumes could beat an expensive slow-seller.
Q7 of 10
TA~650

A table of 12 cities shows: City, Population (M), GDP per capita ($K), Unemployment %. Statement: Every city with GDP per capita above $50K has an unemployment rate below 5%.

Explanation: Sort GDP per capita column and check all rows above $50K. The fastest approach: sort GDP per capita descending, then check every qualifying row's unemployment rate. If even ONE row has both GDP per capita > 50K and unemployment ≥ 5%, the statement is False.
Q8 of 10
TA~600

A table of mutual funds shows: Fund Name, 1-Year Return (%), 3-Year Return (%), Expense Ratio (%), AUM ($B). Statement: The fund with the highest 1-year return also has the highest 3-year return.

Explanation: Cannot determine without the actual data. Short-term and long-term returns are correlated in some cases but not always. You must sort the 1-year column, find the top fund, then check that fund's 3-year column. Never assume the relationship.
Q9 of 10
TA~700

In a Table Analysis question, a statement says "Fewer than 3 of the 10 listed companies have both revenue above $500M and fewer than 1,000 employees." The most efficient way to check is:

Explanation: Filter by revenue >$500M first, then check employee count for those rows only. An AND condition is best handled by applying the more restrictive filter first to minimize the rows you need to inspect. Revenue >$500M likely filters more aggressively, reducing your search space.
Q10 of 10
TA~600

A country data table has columns: Country, Population (M), Area (km²), Population Density (per km²), HDI Score. Statement: The country with the highest population density has an HDI score above 0.8.

Explanation: Sort Population Density descending, check top row's HDI. Identify the highest-density country by sorting that column descending. Then read that row's HDI value. If HDI > 0.8, the statement is True. This is the most direct path to the answer.
Lesson Summary
Sort BEFORE you evaluate

Always sort the relevant column first. Unsorted tables hide the answer in plain sight.

"All" fails if even one row violates

Universal statements are disproved by a single counterexample.

AND conditions: use primary filter first

Filter on the more restrictive condition first to minimize the rows you inspect.

Signs and units matter

Negative values, percentage signs, and units can completely change the answer. Always check.